 |
| Singapore's Efforts To Reduce The Haze How Does Cloud Seeding Work?http://sciencedude.blog.ocregister.com |
New Paper
24th June 2013
By : Jose Hong
SINGAPORE - In an effort to combat the forest fires causing Singapore's worst haze, Indonesia is using aircraft to seed clouds and create rain. But how does cloud seeding work?
1. CLOUD-SEEDING EQUIPMENT
The Indonesian government has sent two aircraft and is readying a third for the cloud-seeding operations. Singapore has offered the use of one aircraft for cloud seeding as part of an aid package. Indonesia said it would consider the aid.
2. CLOUD-SEEDING CHEMICALS
Chemicals are released from the aircraft into the clouds below. A common substance used is silver iodide. Other substances such as dry ice, calcium oxide, propane and butane have been used too.
3. CLOUD REACTION
Clouds form when water droplets condense around ice crystals in the sky. Rain falls when the clouds hold too many water droplets. The chemical particles mimic the function of the ice crystals so that water condenses around them, increasing the likelihood and amount of rain to fall.
How effective is cloud seeding?
While cloud seeding has been shown to create water droplets in clouds, the air under the clouds is often too dry, which causes the rain that falls to evaporate before it hits the ground. So cloud seeding can work, but the results so far have been largely disappointing.
Would it be better to cloud seed over Singapore to clear the smoke, or over the fires in Indonesia?
Inducing rain over Singapore would be only a partial solution, as many smoke components are not soluble and would not be dissolved in the falling rain. As soon as the rain stops, wind would simply bring in more haze from Indonesia.
While it would be more effective to put out the source of the fires, cloud seeding over them has its own problems. The clouds moving over and away from the fires would have smoke particles embedded in them, resulting in smaller water droplets being formed and reducing the chance of rain.
Also, many of the fires are peat fires that burn underground.
Information Obtained From
